Felipe III's daughter, Ana de Austria, married young Louis XIII in 1615. She is depicted wearing black, French-style clothing, seated under a green canopy that is embroidered with fleurs de lis from the Bourbon family coat of arms. The portrait is set in the Hall of Caryatids of the Louvre Royal Palace, seat of the government. Thus, this is an official portrait and an example of Rubens' capacity for such rhetorical portraiture.

This work is paired with the portrait of the model's mother-in-law, Marie de Medici (P1685), but lacks the latter's psychological depth. Rubens painted it while he was in Paris to decorate the Luxemburg Palace. It belonged to the artist until his death and was acquired by Felipe IV shortly thereafter.