It is thought that he began his training at the workshop of his father, the history painter Paulus Joostenz. Wouwerman (+1642), by whom no work has been identified to date. According to Cornelis de Bie, he received training in Frans Hals’s workshop, but his painting does not reveal any connection to Hals’s. According to information provided by his student Matthias Scheits (around 1625/30–1700), in