Philosophy
1756. Marble.Room 085
The figure of Philosophy, personified by the woman in the centre, holds a sceptre, book and hourglass. Accompanying her are, amongst other figures, the Greek philosopher Theophrastus, considered the father of Botany, and the Roman naturalist Pliny, whose Natural History is an important compilation of contemporary knowledge on Zoology, Botany or Mineralogy. A notable sculptor, this relief earned the Malaga-born Ortiz entry to the Academia de San Fernando.
Within the sculptural programme commissioned by Ferdinand VI to decorate the New Royal Palace in Madrid were thirty-six reliefs or medallions (of an initially proposed forty-six), most of them sculpted in Badajoz marble and intended for the overdoors of the principal gallery. The iconographic programme was devised by the Benedictine scholar and monk Martin Sarmiento (1695-1772). The subjects depicted included religious ones intended as examples of good behavior; scientific ones aimed at promoting knowledge; political institutions, symbolizing good government; and military victories, representing heroism. This ornamental scheme was approved by the monarch in 1748 and begun in 1753 with the participation of the leading court sculptors. In 1760, however, Charles III decided that the reliefs were too elaborate and some of them remained unfinished or barely roughed out. Thirty-one of them entered the Museo del Prado in 1862, of which six were subsequently sent to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid.
