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02-06-2026
Roman workshop

Ancient Rome (Italy)

See author's file

Neptune

Ca. 135. Veined marble.
Room 047

This statue, considerably larger than life-size, depicts Neptune, Roman god of seas and freshwaters. A dolphin, the god’s attribute, appears as a support for the heavy marble work. His left arm, accurately restored in modern times, wields the trident with which the god shook the earth and stirred seas to storm. The right arm, without attribute, was added by the restorer. Statues of Neptune sometimes bear a small dolphin on their outstretched right hand, even when –as in the Algiers statue– the statue is already supported by another dolphin. It is possible that the Neptune of Madrid was also originally depicted has holding this attribute in its hand. Neptune, similar in type to monumental Jupiters, has a considerably stouter build, with a broad and taut chest, and clearly defined musculature reminiscent of an athlete. His long hair falls to the nape of the neck, and his beard is long and unkempt. The robust physique and wild his hair working to evoke the forces of nature.

This is a remarkable work from the school of sculptors of Aphrodisias in Caria (Asia Minor) which flourished in Roman times –notably during Hadrian´s rule– and created some of the most beautiful and original examples of Imperial Roman sculpture. The closest models seem to be late Hellenistic statues of Poseidon which exemplifying the ideals of Classical proportion. This approximation to classical models of the Late Hellenistic period, is further developed in this example. Neptune´s body is broad and robust and no longer conforms the proportions typical of Hellenistic art. Except for the realisation of the head, neither the Late Classical nor the Hellenistic heritage is discernible; the body being closer to the works of the earlier Polykleitos. The carving of the marble in particular, with its naturalistic detail, is typical of the Aphrodisian School of the Imperial period, to which the statue has been attributed.

Schröder, Stephan F, Catálogo de la escultura clásica: Museo del Prado II, Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, 2004, p.417-423

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Inventory number
E000003
Author
Roman workshop
Title
Neptune
Date
Ca. 135
Technique
Sculpted
Medium
Veined marble
Dimension
Height: 243.5 cm; Depth: 80 cm; Width: 118 cm
Provenance
Corinth or Isthmia; Royal Collection (Collection of Charles III, Royal Palace of Madrid, 1794, n. 921)

Bibliography +

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Other inventories +

Inv. Testamentaría Carlos III, Palacio Nuevo, 1794. Núm. 921.
Estatuas, bustos y vajos reliebes que existen en poder de D.n Pedro Michel escultor de cámara de S. M. para su renobacion / Nota: lo que va puesto al margen con esta señal + se entienda ya por compuesto /Estatuas, Bustos y vajos reliebes antiguos de marmol blanco / 921 + Un Neptuno de ocho pies y medio de alto: en ..... 240.000

Museo Real de Pinturas a la muerte de Fernando VII, 1834. Núm. fol. 27v.
Otra [escultura] de ocho pies de altura: Marmol de Carrara, muy restaurada y estropeada; que representa al parecer a Neptuno ... 40.000

Inv. Real Museo, Sección Escultura, 1857. Núm. 504.
504. Una estatua de marmol de Carrara que representa a Neptuno con el tridente de bronce. / Alto 8 pies, 6 pulg. con el plinto

Inscriptions +

P. LIKINIOS PREISKOS IEREUS [DIA?] BIOU / ISTHM [IO THEO] [en caracteres griegos = "Publio Licinio Prisco, sacerdote vitalicio (?), al dios del Istmo (dedicó la estatua)".]
Incised. On the front

3.
Inscribed in black. Plinth

Location +

Room 047 (On Display)

Expuesto
Update date: 02-06-2026 | Registry created on 28-04-2015

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